| Ledger visibility | Transaction graph and amounts are generally public. | Protocol is designed to conceal sender/recipient relationships and transaction amounts. | Compare what an external observer can infer. |
| Fungibility | Transaction history can be analyzed. | Designed to make units harder to distinguish by history. | Study marketplace consequences and user expectations. |
| Metadata | Browser, wallet, exchange, server and account metadata can exist independently of blockchain privacy. | Build an end-to-end threat model. |
| UX | Wallet setup, address handling, fees, confirmations and recovery concepts affect completion rates. | Measure time, confusion points and abandonment. |